Essay on Global Trends - 1308 Words

1. Conducting Business during the 21st century has many dimensions. To what extent are national forces being superseded by global trends, especially in terms of multilateral institutions such as the European Union and various economic agreements in the Western Hemisphere and Asia? When a company considers investing internationally, what circumstances should influence how much priority is given to global concepts and/or national differences when evaluating the four alternatives for strategic choice? Globalization has triumphed since the last century after the end of the cold war in the late 1980s. It has made extensive efforts to unify the world’s economic order, created tremendous benefits for the countries that participate and is the†¦show more content†¦The trade agreements in the western hemisphere such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which exists between the United States, Canada and Mexico has led to the removal of trade barriers and restrictions on FDI. As a result, the Canadian and the Mexican economies became stronger. A similar trade agreement exists between the â€Å"Asian Tigers† i.e. Japan and China and the United states known as the Asia- Pacific Economic corporation (ASEAN) and it aimed at eradicating the trade barriers that exist between these countries. The main function of the World trade organization was to facilitate trade amongst countries and currently it has 120 countries under it’s umbrella. These agreements and organizations are facilitating economic integration on a regional and worldwide basis. Major companies that participate in investing internationally are affected by these economic integrations. Market entry strategies such as FDI, Joint ventures, Mergers and Acquisitions, franchising etc. are highly dependent on these integrations and enhance cross-border collaboration among businesses. When a company decides to invest internationally and become a globally competitive firm, it must develop an international strategy based on the firm’s overall strategy. Three objectives namely efficiency, flexibility and learning must be taken into consideration. The firms need to be efficient overseas inShow MoreRelatedGlobal Trends in the Environment Essay945 Words   |  4 Pages The environment of planet Earth is being harmed and the causes of environmental degradation are mostly man made. Natural resources are being exploited to provide energy, food, and technology for an ever-growing global population. In the process, the globe is warming at an unprecedented rate, water and air are being polluted, and forests are being destroyed; however, awareness and education are encouraging the search for environmental first aid. The climate change occurring now, whichRead MoreEssay Global Warming: A Fashion Trend?1320 Words   |  6 Pagesdepicts two models relaxing on top of a skyscraper surrounded by a flooded New York City. Diesel’s ad is effective in promoting their name through shocking photography which creates a strong emotional response and lasting impression. Diesel targets global warming, a hot topic social issue, as a way to promote their brand but does not actually support it. Diesel’s advertisement effectively captures the attention of the audience by the suggestive pose of the models. The models are placed in theRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Trend Of Continuing Increases1618 Words   |  7 PagesJames Logan High School Global Warming Marcus Bourlard US Government Mrs. Sidhu 12/9/15 Global warming is the trend of continuing increases in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. 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It has become more digital, more global, diverse, automation-savvy, and social media- proficient. The 2017 global trends report by Deloitte reveals how there is a pivoting to new organizational models; innovation-based HR platforms; employee experience strategies learning and career programs (driven by social and cognitiveRead MoreGlobal Trends in Hospitality7741 Words   |  31 PagesHospitality Management 18 (1999) 427}442 Operational issues and trends in the hospitality industry Peter Jones School of Management Studies for the Service Sector, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK Abstract This article makes some predictions about the future by considering operational issues in the rst part of the next century. Hospitality operations management is considered at two levels * the rm level at which strategic operations management takes place; and the unit levelRead MoreTravel Trends Of Global Tourism1088 Words   |  5 Pages2.3 The travel trends of global tourism The world is getting even more connected year by year. Cheap flights provided by low-cost carriers make weekend breaks in foreign destinations easier than ever, and smart translation apps, map apps, and international hotel booking web pages are eliminating language barriers. We could also see an increase in international business travel due to globalization and an increase in multinational organizations. Some people are easy to be tired of the city which theyRead MoreThe Global Trend Of The European Union1260 Words   |  6 Pagesenergy efficiency and renewable energy become increasingly important. It is also well-known that the climate-change as a result of high CO2-emissions, among others, can only be stopped or at least slowed down by reducing these emissions. The general global trend therefore should move towards an increasing use of renewable energies while gradually stopping dependence on non-renewable energies, such as coal or oil. Despite trade-offs in terms of a possible rise in energy prices and impacts on security ofRead MoreGlobal Economic Trends Ireland3169 Words   |  13 PagesTallinn University of Technology Tallinn School of Economics and Business Administration Global Economic Trends Individual Work: â€Å"Ireland† Professor: Ricardo Vicente Student: Roksolana Sliusar Tallinn 2014 Content Introduction 1. General information about Ireland 2. Globalization in Ireland 2.1 General globalization information 2.2 Ireland Political Globalization 2.3 Ireland Social globalization 2.4 Ireland Economic Globalization Conclusion 2 Introduction When I was thinking about that I

The Role of International Law Concerning Deforestation...

The Role of International Law Concerning Deforestation and Desertification The surface of the earth is, in a sense, its skin-a thin but crucial layer protecting the rest of the planet contained within it. Far more than a simple boundary, it interacts in complex ways with the volatile atmosphere above and the raw earth below. It may seem hard to imagine it as a critical component of the ecological balance, but in fact, the health of the earth’s surface is vital to the health of the global environment as a whole. ~Al Gore Deforestation and Desertification. These lucrative concepts echo throughout the environmental movement both past and present. The realization and analyzation of the human species’ manipulation of the†¦show more content†¦In order to address the role of international law concerning deforestation and desertification it is first important to explore what these concepts entail. Deforestation can be defined as the clearing and destruction of the vital rain forests and forests worldwide. The causes of deforestation lie in the immense population growth and poverty that exists internationally (Office of Technology Assessment 305). Deforestation exists due to the pursuit of fuel sources, clearance for agricultural purposes, timber, paper products, and development. The numerous effects that deforestation creates entails soil erosion, desertification, loss of biodiversity, loss of medicinal value, increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, an oxygen production decline, and of utmost importance the effects which remain unknown. Most importantly of the latter is the future loss of the human species. Deforestation and its effects occur on a global level. It is rapidly occurring in all nations and in the past has been concentrated in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. Desertification can be defined as earth, land, or soil that has been transformed to an unstable and unproductive area that cannot sustain life. Desertification can be attributed to overpopulation, deforestation, improper irrigationShow MoreRelatedEssay Desertification And Deforestation5662 Words   |  23 PagesDesertification And Deforestation The Amazon Rainforest is probably the most important region that is threatened by deforestation. With over four million squared kilometers it is roughly the size of the United States. The Amazon spreads across nine South American Countries and contains one-fifth of the Worlds fresh water and one-third of the known living species. The land is home to hundreds of indigenous groups and is considered by many to be â€Å"the lungs of the planet†. MostRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment1616 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Webster dictionary defines deforestation as the action or process of clearing of forests. It occurs when humans desire to make use of land covered by forest for other purposes. This clearing of tree is concerning due to the fact that trees are being cut down at a rate much greater then they can grow back. This is called overshot, and can have a devastating impact on the environment. There is an estimated loss of 18 million acres of forest each year. That is roughly equivalent to the sizeRead MoreThe Severity and Extent of Environmental Scarcity in Pakistan3240 Words   |  13 Pagesconsolidate territory and defend the nation prompted a rapid expansion of administrative machinery and wholesale adoption of the colonial British vice regal system of administration and resource management. This system had been long geared to maintaining law, order, and the collection of revenues on behalf of the British Empire. It included a professional civil service with a deep knowledge of local cond itions as well as great access to and influence over provincial populations. 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Some of the environmental problems are pollution, soil erosion leading to floods, salt deserts and sea recedes, desertification, landslides, change of river directions, extinction of species, and vulnerable ecosystem in place of more complex and stable ecosystems, depletion of natural resources, waste accumulation, deforestation, thinning of ozone layer and global warming. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is defined as the undesirable change in physicalRead MorePestal Analysis of Safaricom Ltd7289 Words   |  30 PagesKenya and has the ambition to become the best company in Africa. In order to achieve this, a strong focus has been placed on quality of service to its customers. Safaricom is and will continue implementing best practices based on Vodafones vast international experience and Telkom Kenyas unique knowledge of the Kenyan market conditions. 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The Auditing Profession

Question: What isThe Auditing profession? Explain. Answer: Introduction The Auditing profession has evolved from just being routine checking of books of accounts to the essential tool for corporate governance. The role of an auditor has evolved over time due to change in various factors like information technology, increasing volume of transactions, complexity of laws, globalization and changing business operation due to increased use of technology etc. In the late 1990s and 2000s the audit profession was facing credibility crisis due increasing cases of corporate collapse, failure of business and fraudulent reporting. The changing circumstances and technological changes has forced the auditor to adopt technology affectively in the auditing process so that the existing challenges faced by the auditor could be effectively mitigated (Bentley et al. 2013). The computers and networks mainly provide the information needs of the auditors. In order to be effective it is important for an auditor to have knowledge about using the computer as an audit tool, have knowledge about the audit-automated system and understand the business process including the way it operates. The auditor can also use the technology for effective audit administration. The automated tools provided by the advancement of technology have helped the auditor to increase its productivity. In this essay, an attempt is made to understand the challenges faced by the contemporary auditor due to increased use of technology in the business operation (Homocianu and Airinei 2014).Impact of technology on business The technological advancement has revolutionized the way business conduct their operation. The advancement of technology has provided the small companies the same level playing field with the large companies. The businesses are effectively using technology to increase the productivity of the employees by reducing the human labor and increasing importance is given in process automation. This reduces labor cost of business operation and the business can chose to increase i ts operation by expanding technology. The market in which a business operates has also expanded rapidly due to changing technology. The business has gained access to market all over the world with the help of internet. The advancement of internet has a far reaching on business as it has changed the way in which a business operates (Kotb et al. 2012). Meaning of E commerce The E commerce refers to electronic commerce and it is the direct result of advancement of internet and modern technology. The process of buying, selling and trading service, product and informations over computer network and internet is called E commerce. The electronic commerce can be defined in many ways in which it is put to use. The most important functions of the E commerce are market creation, supply chain management, transfer of money, online ordering and selling (Healy et al. 2012). Impact of online purchase and selling on business operation The use of internet and ecommerce has enabled the business to purchase and sell online. It is important for a successful business to purchase its goods, capital assets and other useful material from best source at best possible price. The internet provides useful data and information that has given the business the ability to do market research before purchase of the product. The business can also check the prices from suppliers selling goods online so the business can easily compare the prices. In purchase of capital assets, business can use internet technology for online tendering so that best price can be obtained and the most suitable supplier can be chosen. The functioning of purchase department has changed due to use of internet. Before the internet era, the access to the information was limited therefore; exposure to the market was also limited. In order to find the suppliers the purchasing department had to gather information from various sources (Kotb et al. 2012). It was bo th time consuming and costly process. The tendering process was similarly followed but it was manual process. The entire process of issuing notice of purchase, submitting the tender, evaluating the tender forms and choosing the supplier was done manually, which is now entirely conducted using internet. The inventory management is a complex process and before implementation of technology, it was more complex. In most cases due to miscommunication and unavailability of current data, there was mismatch in demand and supply of the material. In such circumstances, emergency purchase of goods has to be conducted so that production is not hampered. The emergency purchase of goods bypass all the purchasing process and it is also more costly. The implementation of technology has helped business to manage its inventory in amore better way and online purchase has helped to reduce the cost. Based on the above discussion it can be said that online purchasing has positive impact in business opera tion (Mullainathan et al. 2012). The primary objective of the business is to earn profit and selling is the key function that helps the business to attain its primary objective. The online internet technology has provided the business wide market. A business is no longer limited to the locality of its operation but with the help of online selling it can sell goods in far away markets. The advancement of internet selling has therefore provided the business access to global market. This increased and uncertain demand has changed the operation of the business (Arel et al. 2012). Earlier the demand of the goods was easily estimated as the operation was localized but as the market has globalised the demand cannot be easily estimated. Therefore, the company has to maintain provision for increasing or decreasing production rapidly. The online selling has helped business to reduce cost and the price of the product vas various intermediaries in the process has been eliminated and the good i s directly delivered to customer. The online selling has positively impacted and changed the business operation. Risk of online purchasing and selling The Trade Practice Act 1974, the Australian Security and Investment Commission Act 2001 provide the fair trading legislations that require a business: Not to conduct business and its operations in a way that is misleading; Should not provide misleading information regarding goods and services provided; Should not engage in coercing consumers at the time of purchase and sell of goods; Should engage in a contract that reasonably protects the rights of the interest; Goods and service supplied or provided should be in accordance with the description; Goods should be of marketable quality; The service provided should be of reasonable care and skill. The Australian Consumer and competition Commission is responsible for administration of Trade practice Act (TPA). The ACC encourages all types of business that also includes online business to implement TPA as an important management tool because compliance of this act is considered as a good business practices (Ward 2016). Therefore, it can b e said that compliance with the provisions of Trade practice Act is important for reducing the risk of online purchasing and selling. The use of internet for purchasing and selling online has provided business with many advantages like savings in time, cost and effort. In addition to these benefits, the online operation has also put business in many risks (Padia and van Vuuren 2012). The risk in online purchase is given below: There is a risk of fraud in online purchase. There is a risk that goods supplied are not in accordance with the specification. In case of damaged goods, there is a risk that the online supplier may not replace the goods. There is a possibility that goods purchased may not be delivered within the specified time.The risk associated with online selling of goods is given below: The customer may not pay for the goods or may delay in making payments. The customer may return the good that will increase the operating cost of the company. If the goods is damaged or l ost in transit then the company will have to replace the good. It will increase its operation cost and the company will have to face loss of reputation. Effect of risk on financial statement There are no specific Accounting standards for online transactions. The existing standards are applicable. The accounting standards that are related to online purchasing and selling of goods are AASB 118. AASB 102 and AASB 15 and other standards that deal with the preparation and presentation of financial statement are also applicable in case of online business. In case of online selling of goods, the AASB 118 is applicable. The AASB 118 states in Para 14 that revenue should be recognized when the risk and reward of ownership of goods is transferred, the entity does not have control over the goods, the revenue can be measured, the economic benefit will flow to the entity and the cost can be measured reliably. The new AASB 15 will be applicable for all the financial report prepared after 1 January 2017. This new standard will supersede the AASB 118. In case of purchase of goods and holding them as inventory, AASB 102 is applicable. In Para 10 of the AASB 102 it is provided that the co st of inventory should include cost of purchase, conversion costs and other costs that are required to bring the inventory at the present location and condition. These standards should be appropriately followed for recognizing purchase and sales. It is the responsibility of the auditor to verify that the accounting standards for purchasing and selling of goods are adhered. The will full misrepresentation of facts and figure related to finance and operation of business is referred to as fraud. If the misrepresentation of the financial data is due to mistake then it is referred to as misstatement (Homocianu and Airinei 2014). The misstatement and fraud both affect the true and fair representation of financial statement. There is a possibility that online purchase and selling will led to misstatement of financial information the instances are given below: The business might purchase goods that are not up to the standard or the goods may be of such a poor quality that it cannot be use d in operation. As the online supplier is not willing to return the goods, so these are included in the stock. This will lead to incorrect figures of inventory that in turn will affect the profit. There are many online fraud suppliers that act as a seller but are really scams. They agree to provide goods at the best price and usually take part payment for supplying the goods. The goods are never supplied thus creating loss of money and time to the company. The purchasing department in order to hide its inefficiency and lack of judgment does not show these expenses but are accounted in differently. The online delivery of goods sometimes takes times that are unreasonable or unplanned. This may cause operational inefficiencies or even shutdown of production. Therefore, to mitigate this business could purchase few goods on emergency from local suppliers at higher price so that production could be continued. In order to hide this inefficiency or extra money paid for emergency purchase t he management could arrange with local supplier. The local supplier agrees to supply goods at high price in times of emergency and when the company from the online suppliers receives goods then units purchased from local suppliers are sent to local suppliers and the additional expenses are shown as incidental expenses (Troshani and Rao 2014). The goods sold on line that are returned by customer are removed from sales and are included in stock. The goods sold online to customers that are not paying and are not willing to pay are not written off as bad debt but are still included in the debtors. Identification of fraud and misstatement by the Auditor Auditing is a process that refers to verification; inspection and examination of operation and financial information in order to ensure that financial statement adequately reflect the operation of the company. In general, principle the auditor is not responsible for identification of error and fraud of the company. The main function of the auditor is to state whether the financial statement prepared by the company is true and fair. In order to perform the function the auditor is generally required to identify misstatements that in the financial statements (Mgbame et al. 2012). The auditor can identify low quality goods in the stock through physical verification of stock in the store. Further the slow moving or non-moving stock can also identified if the auditor advices the business separate register for such stocks. In order to purchase goods generally an advance is required to be paid to the suppliers before the goods are delivered. In case of online frauds this advance moneys are sometime shown as expenses in the accounts. This can be easily identified if the auditor uses the process of vouching. In the vouching process the auditor, check the authenticity of the expenses by crosschecking the voucher and the bill. If the goods are purchased from local higher rates but are shown as original purchase. The auditor can identify this by cross checking the store register and production register with the invoices raised by the supplier and the recorded maintained by the gatekeeper. If only the purchasing department conducts the fraud then it can be easily identified. Further vouching process can also be applied for checking the expenses.The debtors that are not paying can be verified by the debtor-ageing schedule. The goods returned that are included in stock can be identified by checking the store r egister and also physical verification of goods. Conclusion The above discussion has shown that internet has immensely benefitted the business by introduction of online purchasing and selling. The benefits of the internet also brought certain disadvantages that made the business vulnerable to fraud and error. In conclusion, it can be said that the auditor can easily identify the fraud and error in financial statement so business should continue online purchase and sale without getting affected by the risk. Reference Arel, B., Beaudoin, C.A. and Cianci, A.M., 2012. The impact of ethical leadership, the internal audit function, and moral intensity on a financial reporting decision. Journal of business ethics, vol. 109, no.3, pp.351-366.Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort. Contemporary Accounting Research, vol. 30, no. 2, pp.780-817.Healy, P.M. and Palepu, K.G., 2012. Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning.Homocianu, D. and Airinei, D., 2014. Business Intelligence facilities with applications in audit and financial reporting. Financial Audit (Audit Financiar), ISSN, pp.1583-5812.Kotb, A., Roberts, C. and Sian, S., 2012. E-business audit: Advisory jurisdiction or occupational invasion?. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 23, no.6, pp.468-482.Mgbame, C.O., Eragbhe, E. and Osazuwa, N.P., 2012. Audit partner tenure and audit quality: An empirical analysis. European Journal of B usiness and Management, vol. 4, no. 7, pp.154-162.Mullainathan, S., Noeth, M. and Schoar, A., 2012. The market for financial advice: An audit study (No. w17929). National Bureau of Economic Research.Padia, N. and van Vuuren, M.J., 2012. Performance auditing: Development of an audit model to evaluate efficiency, effectiveness and economy of the performance of a business. African Journal of Business Management, vol. 6, no. 39, p.10417.Troshani, I. and Rao, S., 2015. Enabling e-business competitive advantage: Perspectives from the Australian financial services industry. International Journal of business and Information, 2(1).Ward, P.C., 2016. Federal Trade Commission: Law, Practice and Procedure. Law Journal Press.

Piaget Essays (1438 words) - Child Development, Cognitive Psychology

Piaget Cognitive abilities to retrieve immediate knowledge and experience of the pre -operational child (age 2 - 6) A Cross - Cultural Study Introduction The project is based on Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development Prediction Based on Piaget's theory, children during the pre - operational stage have acquired the ability to stand apart and view themselves from another person's perspective. They are able to describe themselves as different from other children by listing their unique characteristics, especially the fact that their names are different. They develop a more complex understanding of themselves, such as age, name, family etc.. During the same stage children become aware of and use gender as a dimension by which to classify people. Once children become aware of their own sex, they learn to label themselves as boy or girl. Early childhood is the time when children start to learn family values, and become a cooperative part of the family with their own responsibilities. They spend countless hours of play and other activities with their siblings. Although young children may use words reflecting an understanding of time, such as minute, hour, day, or week, they still confuse the concept of time and sp ace. Based on Piaget's theory, I believe that the interviewed children will know their age, name, gender, and their siblings. I do not expect to know their exact birthday and address because it is still too abstract for them. Furthermore, I do not expect that the background/culture is influencing the children's answers to my questions. I believe that all four tested children do understand and are able to answer my questions. Methods Interviewing four children from different backgrounds was the method use to assess the children's cognitive development. The four-year-old identical twin girls were interviewed in the living room of their parents' house. Each girl was interviewed separately. The five-year-old German boy was interviewed by phone, and the six year old Asian - American boy was interviewed at the neighborhood playground. Each interview took approximately 10 minutes. Hanna: 4 years old, female, white, American, has an identically twin sister and a younger sister. Emma: 4 years old, female, white, American, Hanna's twin. Hanna and Emma are not going to school yet. They are staying with a nanny and their younger sister at home, while both parents are working. Max - Raphael: 5 years old, male, white, German, youngest of three children, parents are divorced, living with mother and older sisters, no contact with father, staying home with mother. Timothy: 6 years old, Asian - American, oldest of two boys, bilingual, living with both parents, going to a private Christian school. Questionnaire: 1. Name: ?Tell me your name.? If child gave only the first name: ?What is the rest of it 2. Age: ?How old are you If fingers shown: ?How many does that make If still no answer, let the child count fingers. 3. Sex/Gender: ?Are you a boy or a girl 4. Siblings: ?Do you have any brothers and / or sisters ?What are their names ?How old are they 5. Birthday: ?When is your birthday 6. Address: ?Where are you living ?What is your address Results Hanna and Emma were both able to give me their names immediately. They also knew their age, gender, and they were able to name and give me the age of their sister. However, they did not know their address or birthday. I did not have to tease the answer out bit by bit. They were ready to give me a concrete answer. The answers I got from both were short and specific. Max - Raphael knew his name, age, sex, and was able to name and give the age of his sisters. He, like Hanna and Emma, did not know his address and birthday. Max - Raphael gave me his age, gender, and his sisters' name and age immediately, but I had to ask him about his surname. Timothy could answer every question. His answers were concrete and given readily. I did not have to tease any question out of him. The results support my prediction in most points. All children were able to give me their age, gender, sex, and the name and age of their siblings. I was not too sure if Timothy would be able to give me his correct birthday and address, although he is already attending school. Discussion The study